Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated environments. Other large companies such as chevron and dupont were also developing phytoremediation technologies. Phytoremediation represents a group of innovative technologies that use plants and natural processes to remediate or stabilize hazardous wastes in soil, sediments, surface water, or groundwater. Background evaporative condensers came into common use for. Many techniques and applications are represented under phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information to choose, engineer, and. Typical in situ phytoremediation system phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil and sediment. Active modular phytoremediation wall advanced membrane heat pump airbearing heat exchanger bernoulli heat pump binary fluid ejector cofluid vapor compression metalfoam heat exchanger selfcleaning heat exchanger thermoelastic cooling system turbocompressorcondenserexpander. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. The type of plants used govern the quantity of water and hence pollutants drawn in, the depth of treatment and the specific contaminant that will be most effectively treated most commonly poplar trees are used fast growing with deep roots that draw up lots of. The use of plants or plant products to restore or stabilize contaminated sites, collectively known as phytoremediation, takes advantage of the natural abilities of plants to take up.
Evaporative cooling is a process which takes advantage of the latent heat of evaporation of water to absorb sensible heat from the surrounding air with which it is in contact. Phytoremediation iii table of contents section page 1. Combining the latin words for plant and remedy, phytoremediation uses special types of plants that are able to absorb or metabolize harmful chemicals such as radionuclides, inorganics, and heavy metals in the soil and ground water. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. A constructed wetland cw is an artificial marsh or swamp, which have been. Phytodecontamination a subset of phytoremediation the concentrations of the contaminants in the soils of concern is reduced to an acceptable level through the action of plants, their associated microflora and agronomic practices. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. But trees and other plants do more than remediate pollutants. Pdf the application of plant growth regulators to improve. Evaporative cooling design guidelines manual iv this report by nrg engineering is funded by the new mexico energy minerals and natural resources department, 1220 south st. This matrix lists all abstracted resources alphabetically by document type, identifies the type. Evaporative cooler types evaporative coolers cool boss. It is an emerging technology that can be applied to both organic and inorganic pollutants present in the soil, water or air salt et al.
This article throws light upon the three main areas of application of phytoremediation. Groundwater is one of our most important natural resources. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. As international journal of molecular sciences has published, heavy metals affect not only industrial sites but also cultivated land, spreading risks for human health. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. On the other hand, the indirect cooling method allows industrial spaces, restaurants or other businesses to cool their spaces to temperatures that are lower than those offered by portable swamp coolers like cool boss. Plant assisted bioremediation, sometimes referred to as a type of phytoremediation, involves the interaction of. Plants can help clean up many types of contaminants including metals, pesticides, explosives, and oil. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Evaporative cooling an overview sciencedirect topics. Vetiver grass is a perennial grass belonging to the poaceae family. Phytoremediation of lead in residential soils in dorchester, ma lead paint was widely used until 1978. Pdf phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa. This use of plants to clean up contaminated areas is called phytoremediation.
Several studies to survey the indigenous plant species of diverse contaminated areas and evaluate their potential for phytoremediation have been performed in portugal 7993. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Phytoremediation is a lucrative technology that uses plants to reduce, remove, immobilize or degrade environmental toxins. Types of the method of phytoremediation used depends on the type and amount of pollution, as well as what type of area it is found in. Pdf contamination of soil and water with heavy metals is a serious concern worldwide. Energy from biomass has three forms of energetic valorisation. This guide provides abstracts of over 100 phytoremediation overviews, field studies and demonstrations, research articles, and internet resources. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. Purushothama, in humidification and ventilation management.
Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metalcontaminated sites an innovative and costeffective option to address recalcitrant environmental contaminants. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. The plants create accelerated evaporation so that the removal of. The three types of bioremediation and their mode of actions as described above have been detailed here to help responders understand how these agents will interact with a spill. Site and contaminantspecific protocols are needed to effectively use phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of contaminated groundwater ray douglas. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants including metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and chlorinated solvents from soil and water. Phytoremediation is popular in theory due to its low establishment cost and relative simplicity. Phytoremediation process involves mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water or air with plants able to contain, degrade or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil and its derivatives raskin, 1996. In the 1990s, there were several companies working with phytoremediation, including phytotech, phytoworks, and earthcare. Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, and destroy contaminants in soil and sediment.
It provides drinking water to more than half the population in the united states and even a greater percentage of the people in the developing world. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems. The different types and their mode of actions are clearly independent of each other, even though their end point in principle is the same. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. Types of cooling towers two basic types of evaporative cooling devices are used.
How does phytoremediation work environmental sciences essay. Phytoremediation definition of phytoremediation by. Potential of five plant species for phytoremediation of metalpah. Phytoremediation is a proven green and sustainable remediation strategy that can provide outstanding results in the cleanup of contaminated soils, groundwater, and even wastewater. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief view about factors affecting heavy metals uptake by. The second type, often called a closedcircuit cooling tower, involves. However, they work best where contaminant levels are low because high concentrations may limit plant growth and take. Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. Phytoremediation definition is the treatment of pollutants or waste as in contaminated soil or groundwater by the use of green plants that remove, degrade, or stabilize the undesirable substances such as toxic metals. Types of pgrs include auxins, cytokines, gibberellins, acetic. Phytoremediation potential and copper uptake kinetics. Phytoremediation, also referred as botanical bioremediation chaney et al. Additionally, agronomic practices allow to maintain them on a polluted site and to form them in configuration for optimal deposition of pollutants. Different types of phytoremediation have different potential results, such as accumulation of heavy metals in specific plant organs, voltilization from leaf surfaces, alteration of the form or availability of an organic chemical in the soil or within the plant, or actively excluding chemicals from plant tissues and keeping them.
The phytoremediation potential of three bamboo species, i. Air phytoremediation in urban areas, where at present men spend most of the time, is strongly desired and hard to overestimate if environment and human health and wellbeing are the prospect. Because of our extensive experience in this area, tea has enhanced and extended the effectiveness of the standard phytoremediation. Crude oil has a major impact in the environment into which it is released. Types of evaporative coolers direct evaporative coolers use a fan to pull outside air through media pads that are kept. This method could be used to clean up sites with low to moderate levels. Phytoremediation is the use of living green plants for in situ risk reduction andor removal of contaminants from contaminated soil, water, sediments, and air. Finally, a matrix is also provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, andor destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms.
Phytoremediation potencial of native flora of contaminated soils in portugal. And different phytoremediation process is responsible for specific pollutant. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. It has short rhizomes and a massive, finely structured root system. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils has gained great attention as a lowcost and. The authors have undertaken studies to evaluate the phytotechnological potential. Recently, the use of aquatic plants especially micro and macro algae has received much attention due to their ability to absorption of metals and taking up toxic elements from the. Phytoremediation is defined as a process of decontaminating soil and aquatic systems by using plants, fungi or algae to absorb heavy metals. All evaporative cooler types have one thing in common. Impacts of air pollution on human health and wellbeing are well documented worldwide by the world health organization.
Evaporative cooling design guidelines ced engineering. Citizens guide toremedidti x what is phytoremediation. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to cleanup or control many kinds of pollutants. In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying. Identification and characterization of heavy metals responsive genes article pdf available in clean soil air water 442 august 2015. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. Phytoremediation is a recently developed technology that offers a costeffective solution by using plants, and associated soil microbes, to reduce the content, or toxic effects, of contaminants in. Specially selected or engineered plants are used in the process. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water.
Many households use conventional cooling systems as a backup to their evaporative cooling systems during these periods. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Among all types of treatments of contaminants, including microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation stands out for its benefits yielded from selfmaintaining, soil stabilization and other advantages to meet greater public approval doty et al.
Because it is based on natural processes, phytoremediation may be easily adaptable to many redevelopment plans for brownfields sites. Phytoremediation technologies applicable to different contaminant types 1,2 43 table 42. Phytoremediation can be used to decontaminate large areas without damaging the land. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils springerlink. Phytoremediation, also called green remediation, botanoremediation, agroremediation, or vegetative remediation is. Phytoremediation has gained extensively attention and much progress in remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants, and the means for enhanced phytoremediation. Phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa l. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. The first of these, the directcontact or open cooling tower figure 3, ex poses water directly to the cooling atmosphere, thereby transferring the source heat load directly to the air. Recently, phytoremediation, which is an emerging technology, should be considered for remediation of contaminated sites because of its cost effectiveness, aesthetic advantages and long term applicability 10. This guide provides abstracts of over 100 phytoremediation overviews, field studies and. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b. Summary of phytoremediation technologies and method of.